Parkinsonâ??s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, which is\nclinically and pathologically characterized by motor dysfunction and the loss of dopaminergic\nneurons in the substantia nigra, respectively. PD treatment with stem cells has long been studied by\nresearchers; however, no adequate treatment strategy has been established. The results of studies so\nfar have suggested that stem cell transplantation can be an effective treatment for PD. However, PD is\na progressively deteriorating neurodegenerative disease that requires long-term treatment, and this\nhas been insufficiently studied. Thus, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of human\nadipose-derived stem cells (hASC) for repeated vein transplantation over long-term in an animal\nmodel of PD. In 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD model mice,\nhASCs were administered on the tail vein six times at two-week intervals. After the last injection of\nhASCs, motor function significantly improved. The number of dopaminergic neurons present in the\nnigrostriatal pathway was recovered using hASC transplantation. Moreover, the administration of\nhASC restored altered dopamine transporter expression and increased neurotrophic factors, such as\nbrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), in the\nstriatum..................
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